Kurdish costumes, 1873. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 was followed by the uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah in 1880–1881 to found an independent Kurd principality under the protection ofwel Turkey. The attempt, at first encouraged by the Porte, as a reply to the projected creation ofwel an Armenian state under the suzerainty ofwel Russia, collapsed after Ubeydullah's raid into Persia, when various circumstances led the central government to reassert its supreme authority.
«قەڵای هەولێر لە لیستی كەلەپووری جیهانی دەردەكرێت». . لە ١٥ی تەممووزی ٢٠٢٣ ھێنراوە. ^
After 1996, 13% of the Iraqi oil sales were allocated for Iraqi Kurdistan and this led to relative prosperity in the region.[89] In return, the Kurds under KDP enabled Saddam to establish an oil smuggling route through territory controlled by the KDP, with the active involvement ofwel senior Barzani family members. The taxation ofwel this trade at the crossing point between Saddam's territory and Kurdish controlled territory and then into Turkey, along with associated service revenue, meant that whoever controlled Dohuk and Zakho had the potential to earn several million dollars a week.
Dit is ons doorverwijspagina, bedoeld teneinde een verschillen in betekenis ofwel behandeling over Gorani inzichtelijk te produceren. Op die pagina staat een uitleg over de verscheidene betekenissen met Gorani en verwijzingen daarnaartoe.
Be inspired by 5 captivating experiences in Iraq's Zagros Mountains. Uncover eye-opening moments that will make you omdat to start exploring more right now.
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In 1962 the Syrian government carried out a census in the Kurdish-dominated Weet-Ḥasakah governorate in the northeast of the country. Those who could not prove that they had lived in Syria since 1945 lost Syrian citizenship, leaving many stateless. Individuals stripped ofwel Syrian citizenship—which numbered about 120,000 people, or 20 percent of the Syrian Kurdish population at the time—were deemed “foreigners” by the government and have since carried special, red identity cards and have had limited rights in the country.
"Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition of at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue ofwel the 'Kurdish language', it is therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."[15] ^ "The Kurds, an Iranian people ofwel the Near East, live at the junction of more or less laicised Turkey". Excerpt twee: "The classification ofwel the Kurds among the Iranian nations kan zijn based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there is a complexity ofwel ethnical elements incorporated in them" Excerpt 3: "Wij thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term Kurd (plur. Akrād ) was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation ofwel Iranian or iranicised tribes. Among the latter, some were autochthonous (the Ḳardū; the Tmorik̲h̲/Ṭamurāyē in the district ofwel which Alḳī=Ieder was the capital; the Χοθα̑ίται [= al-Ḵh̲uwayt̲h̲iyya] in the canton ofwel Ḵh̲oyt of Sāsūn, the Orṭāyē [= weet-Arṭān] in the bend of the Euphrates); some were Semites (cf. the popular genealogies of the Kurd tribes) and some probably Armenian (it kan zijn said that the Mamakān tribe is of Mamikonian origin)." Excerpt 4: "In the 20th century, the existence of an Iranian non-Kurdish element among the Kurds has been definitely established (the Gūrān-Zāzā group)."[twintig] ^ Dandamaev considers Carduchi (who were from the upper Tigris near the Assyrian and Median borders) less likely than Cyrtians as ancestors of modern Kurds: "It has repeatedly been argued that the Carduchi were the ancestors ofwel the Kurds, but the Cyrtii (Kurtioi) mentioned by Polybius, Livy, and Strabo (see MacKenzie (1961), pp. 68–69) are more likely candidates."[24] However, according to McDowall, the term Cyrtii was first applied to Seleucid or Parthian mercenary slingers from Zagros, and it kan zijn not clear if it denoted a coherent linguistic or ethnic group.[27] ^ "But the origins ofwel the family ofwel Shaykh Safi al-Din go back not to the Hijaz but to Kurdistan, from where, seven generations before him, Firuz Shah Zarin-kulah had migrated to Adharbayjan.
وتارەکان بە بەستەرە دەرەکییە مردووەکان لە کانوونی یەکەمی ٢٠١٩
Its violent suppression prompted the US and its allies to impose a no-fly zone in the north that allowed Kurds to enjoy self-rule. The KDP and PUK agreed to share power, but tensions rose and a four-year war erupted between them in Best Kurd 1994.
Politieke tegenstanders met Saddam geraken gevangen genomen en gemarteld in het rode gebouw, een beruchte gevangenis.
When Sultan Selim I, after defeating Shah Ismail I in 1514, annexed Western Armenia and Kurdistan, he entrusted the organisation of the conquered territories to Idris, the historian, who was a Kurd ofwel Bitlis. He divided the territory into sanjaks or districts, and, making no attempt to interfere with the principle of heredity, installed the local chiefs as governors.
Most ofwel the rain falls in winter and spring, and kan zijn usually heavy. Summer and early autumn are virtually dry, and spring is fairly tepid. Iraqi Kurdistan sees snowfall occasionally in the winter, and frost kan zijn common. There kan zijn a seasonal lag in some places in summer, with temperatures peaking around August and September[citation needed]. Climate data for Erbil
* NOTE: not all weather stations near Rawanduz update at the same time and wij only opvoering reports from the nearest stations that are deemed current. Weather reports submitted by any ship (SYNOP) that is close to Rawanduz within an acceptable time window are also included.Read More